rounded, proximal conclude in the femur that articulates Together with the acetabulum of your hip bone to type the hip joint
The fovea capitis can be a minor indentation to the medial side from the femoral head that serves as the positioning of attachment for your ligament of the head from the femur. This ligament spans the femur and acetabulum, but is weak and offers small aid to the hip joint. It does, on the other hand, have a crucial artery that supplies the head from the femur.
The distal stop from the fibula forms the lateral malleolus, which sorts the quickly palpated bony bump about the lateral side of the ankle. The deep (medial) aspect in the lateral malleolus articulates Using the talus bone of the foot as Component of the ankle joint. The distal fibula also articulates Together with the fibular notch from the tibia.
For practical causes the lower limb is subdivided into to some degree arbitrary areas:[forty four] The areas of your hip are all located in the thigh: anteriorly, the subinguinal location is bounded by the inguinal ligament, the sartorius, as well as the pectineus and kinds Section of the femoral triangle which extends distally to your adductor longus. Posteriorly, the gluteal area corresponds to the gluteus maximus. The anterior region in the thigh extends distally with the femoral triangle to your area from the knee and laterally to the tensor fasciae latae.
The anterior half from the foot is fashioned because of the 5 metatarsal bones, which can be found involving the tarsal bones with the posterior foot plus the phalanges on the toes (see Figure (PageIndex 4 )). These elongated bones are numbered 1–five, setting up While using the medial facet on the foot. The first metatarsal bone is shorter and thicker as opposed to Many others. The second metatarsal may be the longest. The bottom of the metatarsal bone would be the proximal finish of every metatarsal bone. These articulate Using the cuboid or cuneiform bones.
[six] The thigh is involving the hip and knee and helps make up the remainder of the lower limb.[one] The term lower limb or lower extremity is commonly made use of to explain all of the leg.
The massive toe has two phalanx bones, the proximal and distal phalanges. The remaining toes all have proximal, Center, and distal phalanges. A joint among adjacent phalanx bones is known as an interphalangeal joint.
large groove about the lateral side on the distal tibia for articulation With all the fibula within the distal tibiofibular joint
The distal conclude on the femur has medial and lateral bony expansions. Around the lateral aspect, The graceful part that handles the distal and posterior aspects of the lateral expansion could be the lateral condyle from the femur. The roughened area around the outer, lateral aspect with the condyle is definitely the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Similarly, the smooth area in the distal and posterior medial femur would be the medial condyle on the femur, plus the irregular outer, medial facet of This can be the medial epicondyle in the femur. The lateral and medial condyles articulate With all the tibia to type the knee joint.
The cuboid bone articulates Along with the anterior stop with the calcaneus bone. The cuboid features a deep groove working throughout its inferior floor, which supplies passage for the muscle tendon. The talus bone articulates anteriorly with the navicular bone, which consequently articulates anteriorly While using the a few cuneiform (“wedge-formed”) bones.
There it divides into a deep plus a superficial terminal department. The superficial branch provides the fibularis muscles plus the deep branch enters the extensor compartment; the two branches reaches in the dorsal foot. In the thigh, the tibial nerve provides off branches to semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus, plus the long head in the biceps femoris. The nerve then operates straight down the again from the leg, throughout the popliteal fossa to provide the ankle flexors over the back in the lower leg and afterwards proceeds down more info to supply each of the muscles in the only with the foot.[fifty] The pudendal (S2-S4) and coccygeal nerves (S5-Co2[Verify spelling]) offer the muscles of your pelvic floor and also the encompassing pores and skin.[51]
This pathological fracture is particularly viewed in older individuals, when osteoporosis has weakened the bone. This fracture can interrupt the main blood offer to the head of the femur plus the bone could fail to unite (avascular necrosis).
The 4 lumbricales have their origin about the tendons in the flexor digitorum longus, from where they prolong to the medial side with the bases of the primary phalanx of digits two-5. Except for reinforcing the plantar arch, they lead to plantar flexion and transfer the four digits towards the large toe. They're, in distinction on the lumbricales in the hand, rather variable, sometimes absent and from time to time over four are current. The quadratus plantae arises with two slips from margins of your plantar area on the calcaneus and it is inserted into your tendon(s) in the flexor digitorum longus, and click here is known as the "plantar head" of this latter muscle mass. The three plantar interossei occur with their single heads within the medial facet from the 3rd-fifth metatarsals and are inserted to the bases of the very first phalanges of those digits.
Patellofemoral syndrome could possibly be initiated by several different causes, which includes specific variants in The form and motion of your patella, a immediate blow to the patella, or flat feet or improper shoes that lead to abnormal turning in or out with the toes or leg.